HQL

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Hibernate Query Language (HQL) is same as SQL (Structured Query Language) but it doesn't depends on the table of the database. Instead of table name, we use class name in HQL. So it is database independent query language.</div>
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Advantage of HQL</h3>
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There are many advantages of HQL. They are as follows:</div>
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<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;">database independent</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;">supports polymorphic queries</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;">easy to learn for Java Programmer</li>
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Query Interface</h3>
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It is an object oriented representation of Hibernate Query. The object of Query can be obtained by calling the createQuery() method Session interface.</div>
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The query interface provides many methods. There is given commonly used methods:</div>
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<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public int executeUpdate()</strong> is used to execute the update or delete query.</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public List list()</strong> returns the result of the ralation as a list.</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public Query setFirstResult(int rowno)</strong> specifies the row number from where record will be retrieved.</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public Query setMaxResult(int rowno)</strong> specifies the no. of records to be retrieved from the relation (table).</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public Query setParameter(int position, Object value)</strong> it sets the value to the JDBC style query parameter.</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3px;"><strong>public Query setParameter(String name, Object value)</strong> it sets the value to a named query parameter.</li>
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Example of HQL to get all the records</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query query=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);</span><span class="comment" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #008200; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//here persistent class name is Emp</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></li>
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Example of HQL to get records with pagination</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query query=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">query.setFirstResult(<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">query.setMaxResult(<span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">10</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">List list=query.list();<span class="comment" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #008200; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//will return the records from 5 to 10th number</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></li>
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Example of HQL update query</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();  </span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"update User set name=:n where id=:i"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">q.setParameter(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"n"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"Udit Kumar"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">q.setParameter(<span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"i"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,</span><span class="number" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #c00000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">111</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
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<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> status=q.executeUpdate();  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">System.out.println(status);  </span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">tx.commit();  </span></li>
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Example of HQL delete query</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query query=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"delete from Emp where id=100"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="comment" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #008200; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//specifying class name (Emp) not tablename</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">query.executeUpdate();  </span></li>
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HQL with Aggregate functions</h3>
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You may call avg(), min(), max() etc. aggregate functions by HQL. Let's see some common examples:</div>
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Example to get total salary of all the employees</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"select sum(salary) from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">List<Emp> list=q.list();  </span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    Iterator<Emp> itr=list.iterator();  </span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">    <span class="keyword" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: #006699; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">while</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(itr.hasNext()){  </span></span></li>
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">        System.out.println(itr.next());  </span></li>
<li class="" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">}  </span></li>
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Example to get maximum salary of employee</h3>
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<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
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<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"select max(salary) from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
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Example to get minimum salary of employee</h3>
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<div class="bar" style="padding-left: 45px;">
<div class="tools">
<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
</div>
<ol class="dp-j" start="1" style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"select min(salary) from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 1px; line-height: 19.5px;" />
<h3 class="h3ex" style="background-color: white; color: #610b4b; font-family: tahoma; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400;">
Example to count total number of employee ID</h3>
<div class="codeblock" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(212, 212, 212) 8px 3px 10px; background-color: #f8f8f5; border: 1px solid rgb(213, 221, 198); box-shadow: rgb(212, 212, 212) 5px 3px 10px; font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 5px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="dp-highlighter" style="margin: 8px 0px !important; overflow: auto; padding-top: 0px; width: 712.796875px;">
<div class="bar" style="padding-left: 45px;">
<div class="tools">
<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
</div>
<ol class="dp-j" start="1" style="border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"select count(id) from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="background-color: #d4d4d4; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; height: 1px; line-height: 19.5px;" />
<h3 class="h3ex" style="background-color: white; color: #610b4b; font-family: tahoma; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400;">
Example to get average salary of each employees</h3>
<div class="codeblock" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(212, 212, 212) 8px 3px 10px; background-color: #f8f8f5; border: 1px solid rgb(213, 221, 198); box-shadow: rgb(212, 212, 212) 5px 3px 10px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 5px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="dp-highlighter" style="margin: 8px 0px !important; overflow: auto; padding-top: 0px; width: 712.796875px;">
<div class="bar" style="font-family: verdana; padding-left: 45px;">
<div class="tools">
<a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="http://www.javatpoint.com/hql#" style="background-image: none; border: none; color: green; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a></div>
</div>
<ol class="dp-j" start="1" style="border: none; font-family: verdana; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li class="alt" style="border: none; font-family: Verdana; line-height: 1.5; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Query q=session.createQuery(</span><span class="string" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"select avg(salary) from Emp"</span><span style="background-color: inherit; border: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">);  </span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkumqGA_cyRhiUUJuG-EyvJdUkxs2SUCBJIhzKTu89Xt8THXPmcBx1wDLBkrGL83nS28rZ5PMMhvIKbAQOcMxiajcItXGLAddfpoy_cAPzouh1DVX6NtpTve875CxikJUF7BLvbhJfYQ6/s1600/hql.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkumqGA_cyRhiUUJuG-EyvJdUkxs2SUCBJIhzKTu89Xt8THXPmcBx1wDLBkrGL83nS28rZ5PMMhvIKbAQOcMxiajcItXGLAddfpoy_cAPzouh1DVX6NtpTve875CxikJUF7BLvbhJfYQ6/s1600/hql.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana;"><br /></span></div>
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Hibernate Query Language (HQL)

Hibernate Query Language (HQL) is same as SQL (Structured Query Language) but it doesn't depends on the table of the database. Instead...

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