VirtualBox

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Resize a VirtualBox guest Linux VDI Disk under Windows Host

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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: #747474; font-family: raleway, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">My Linux VirtualBox guest OS often runs out of space – I never learn that to build anything in Linux, you need about 10 times the amount of space that you think you need. Also, VirtualBox recommends very small default values, so it is easy to be caught out.</span></span></div>
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Anyway<span style="color: #747474; font-family: raleway, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">, here are the current steps to re-size a VirtualBox disk, where Linux is the guest OS and Windows is the host OS.</span></div>
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In this example I am using VirtualBox 4.2.6 (The approach is valid with more recent versions also). The host OS (the one that is running VirtualBox) is Windows 7 and the guest OS that I wish to re-size is Ubuntu. <span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: red;">Please backup everything before continuing as something could always go wrong.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: black;">Step 1. (Optional) Move the VDI file in Windows</span></h2>
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If you need to move the VDI file to another location/physical drive with more space, you can do the following.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">With VirtualBox shut down, using Windows Explorer move your vdi file (e.g., “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">c:\MyLinux.vdi</strong>“) to its new location (e.g., “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">d:\MyLinux.vdi</strong>“)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Start  Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager -> choose File-> “Virtual Media Manager”</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Under the “Hard drives” tab, choose your disk (e.g. “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyLinux.vdi</strong>“) and press the “Release” button at the top.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Now with the disk selected press “Release” (this should remove the last location)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Close “Virtual Media Manager”, choose your VirtualBox instance (e.g. MyLinux which should say “Powered Off” underneath) and press the “Settings” button at the top.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Press”Storage” on the left-hand side, and under Controller remove the current drive by pressing the red minus. Then Press the + with the hard drive platters.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">It should ask “You are about to add a virtual hard disk to the controller IDE Controller”, pick “Choose existing disk” and browse to the location to which you moved your VDI image (e.g. “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">d:\MyLinux.vdi</strong>“). Press “OK”</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Check that your image boots before you go any further.</li>
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Step 2. Resize the VDI file</h2>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Shut down VirtualBox again.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Make a copy of the VDI file – just in case (“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyLinux.vdi</strong>” -> “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyLinuxCopy.vdi</strong>“)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Go into the Windows command prompt (Start->type “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">cmd</strong>” into the box)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">cd</strong> to the location of the VDI file that you wish to resize, e.g., “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">d:\MyLinux.vdi</strong>“</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">At the Windows command prompt, type:</li>
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<code style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #8699bc; display: inline-block; font-family: monaco-dm, courier; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: pre;"> D:\><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222266;">VBoxmanage modifyhd MyLinux.vdi --resize 100000</strong></code><br />
this will re-size the drive to 100 GB. Pick a value that suits you. Note, your vdi file will not change in size at this point. The output should look like:<br />
<code style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #8699bc; display: inline-block; font-family: monaco-dm, courier; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; margin-left: 0px; white-space: pre;"> D:\><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222266;">VBoxmanage modifyhd MyLinux.vdi --resize 100000</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /> 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /> D:\></code><br />
Unfortunately that was the easy part!</div>
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Step 3. Resize the Linux Partition</h2>
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At this point you need to grow the Linux partition to take up the space of the newly resized vdi file:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Go into “Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager”, choose your Linux image “MyLinux (Powered Off)”. Press “Settings” and under “Storage” when you select your disk you should see “Virtual Size: 97.66GB” for the 100GB that I set and “Actual Size: 18.52GB” if your previous disk was 20GB and now almost out of space!</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Unfortunately, if you boot this image at this point the space will not have been allocated to your Linux drive. A “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">df -k</strong>” will make that clear!</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">You need to use GParted for this. Go to <a href="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;">http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php</a> and download a GParted Live on CD ISO file (i.e., <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/files/gparted-live-stable/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="undefined">GParted Live CD/USB/HD/PXE Bootable Image ISO File</a> Use the latest version for your architecture – e.g., <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/files/gparted-live-stable/0.22.0-1/gparted-live-0.22.0-1-i586.iso/download" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="undefined">gparted-live-0.22.0-1-i586.iso</a>). Save this ISO on your hard disk.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">In “VirtualBox” Create a new virtual machine, as in Figure 1, and call it “GParted” with Type: “Linux” and Version “Linux 3.8” or whatever version. Choose “Do not add a Hard Drive” and ignore the warning.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 1</strong>: Creating the GParted Virtual Machine</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Pick your “GParted (Powered Off)” virtual machine and press “Settings”. Choose “Storage” and under “Controller: IDE Controller” add a new CD/DVD device. Browse to the location of your GParted ISO file and select it. Your first item under “Controller: IDE” should be “gparted-live-XXX”. If you have a second “Empty” disk you can remove it. Then add the disk that you wish to resize under “Controller: SATA Controller”. At this point it should look like Figure 2, where HomeOfficeUbuntu is the “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">MyLinux.vdi</strong>” discussed above.</li>
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                                            <img src="http://derekmolloy.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/VirtualBox-Settings-300x223.png" /></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 2</strong>: Add the SATA Controller and Disk</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Press OK and start your GParted Virtual Machine and you should see it boot (very quickly). Choose Gparted Live (Default settings). Choose all the default settings and your language of choice. Press 0 to start X and you should end up with a virtual machine running that looks something like the output in Figure 3.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 3</strong>: GParted Virtual Machine Running in VirtualBox</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">You can see that there are 78.12GB unallocated and this is the space that we wish to allocate in my case to /dev/sda1 which is an ext4 filesystem and is currently 18.53GB in size.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: red;">Now, you should have made a backup of your vdi at this point. If you haven’t go back and do that – so many things can go wrong here and you are on your own!</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">If it is any partition other than /dev/sda1 you can right-click the partition you wish to resize and choose “Resize/Move” (as in Figure 4) –<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> not in my case!</strong></li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://derekmolloy.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Capture02-300x243.png" /></strong><br />
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 4</strong>: Resize/Move the Partition</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">However, my problem is that the extended partition and my linux-swap are blocking me from changing the size of my <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">/dev/sda1/</strong>. So, unfortunately I have to delete and re-create them again. So, select the linux-swap and press “Delete” and <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">/dev/sda2</strong> (or whatever your one is!) and press “Delete”. The press “Apply” as in Figure 5 below.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 5</strong>: Delete Partitions</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">After applying the changes choose the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">/dev/sda1</strong> partition and choose resize as in Figure 6, allowing enough space (“free space following” of 1023) for a new swap partition. It should say “Grow /dev/sda1 from 18.53GiB to 96.66GiB” and it may take a short while (~1 min). Hopefully you should get a “All operations successfully completed” message, as in Figure 6.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 6</strong>: Resizing the Partition</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Now, re-add your Linux Swap Space. Press on the unallocated space and right-click to “Created new Partition” -> choosing “Create as: Extended partition” as in Figure 7 below.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 7</strong>: Output after changes are applied</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Press “+Add” and right-click the new “unallocated”  to Create a new partition. Choose as “Create as: Logical Partition” and underneath “File System: linux-swap” as in Figure 8.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 8</strong>: Creating the Swap Partition</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Now press “+Add” and then “Apply” in the main window. Hopefully all changes are successfully applied and now my output looks like Figure 9 below.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 9</strong>: A successful partitioning</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">You can now safely shut down this Live CD Virtual Machine.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">Finally, boot your original “MyLinux” Virtual Machine and all should be in order, so that when you do a “<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">df -k</strong>” you get the output as in Figure 10 below.</li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 10</strong>: A successful outcome</div>
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So, now the disk is only 21% utilised in my case and I am free to work away with my new found space!</div>
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Good luck with this… remember to back up your VDI in advance and be careful when you are working with GParted</div>
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Resize a VirtualBox guest Linux VDI Disk under Windows Host

My Linux VirtualBox guest OS often runs out of space – I never learn that to build anything in Linux, you need about 10 times the amount...

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Resize a VirtualBox Guest Hard disk in Windows

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                        VirtualBox has a nasty little habit of suggesting small virtual Hard disk sizes when creating Guest Virtual Machines. Anyone who has worked with Windows guests knows that 25.00 GB is ridiculously small for a standard install of most versions of Windows Server (excluding Windows Server Nano).</div>
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<img alt="Figure 1 - Default 25.00 GB Hard disk" src="http://www.jeremycade.com/images/Virtualization/VirtualBox-Small-Harddisk.png" style="border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; max-width: 100%;" /></div>
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My general rule of thumb is to increase the default Hard disk to between 60 and 80 GB depending on the purpose of the Virtual Machine. Though it is easy to be caught out; And you are now in a position where you will need to resize the guest Hard disk. To complete this task we will make use of the VirtualBox commandline tools.</div>
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The steps below were tested against VirtualBox 5.0.16</div>
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Step 1: Backup Everything!</h2>
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Ensure that the guest virtual machine is in a <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">Powered Off</code> state.</div>
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<img alt="Figure 2 - Guest Virtual Machine is Powered Off" src="http://www.jeremycade.com/images/Virtualization/VirtualBox-Powered-Off.png" style="border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; max-width: 100%;" /></div>
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Backup the guests Hard disk. In my case I created a copy of the guest Hard disk on a separate drive.</div>
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Step 2: Ensure the VirtualBox commandline tools are in your PATH</h2>
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Open the Environment Variables dialog confirm that the following is present in your PATH variable. On Windows 10, this can be done by searching for <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">environment variables</code> with Cortana.</div>
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<code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox</code></div>
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If it is not present in either the System or User Variables path, add it. My personal preference is to add it to the User variables path as shown in the image below.</div>
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<img alt="Figure 3 - Guest Virtual Machine is Powered Off" src="http://www.jeremycade.com/images/Virtualization/VirtualBox-Path-Variables.png" style="border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; max-width: 100%;" /></div>
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Once completed, Open <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">powershell</code> and execute the following:</div>
<figure class="highlight" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><pre style="background-color: #f9f9f9; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.4; padding: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; padding: 0px;">vboxmanage</code></pre>
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Which should result in output similar to:</div>
<figure class="highlight" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><pre style="background-color: #f9f9f9; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.4; padding: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; padding: 0px;">Oracle VM VirtualBox Command Line Management Interface Version 5.0.16
<span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">(</span>C<span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">)</span> 2005-2016 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.

Usage:

VBoxManage <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><general option>] <<span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #336666;">command</span><span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">></span>

General Options:

<span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">-v</span>|--version]            print version number and <span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #336666;">exit</span>
  <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">-q</span>|--nologo]             suppress the logo
  <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">--settingspw</span> <pw>]       provide the settings password
  <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">--settingspwfile</span> <file>] provide a file containing the settings password

... REMOVED FOR BREVITY ...

Extension package management:

VBoxManage extpack install <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">--replace</span><span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">]</span> <tarball>
  VBoxManage extpack uninstall <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">[</span><span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">--force</span><span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555;">]</span> <name>
  VBoxManage extpack cleanup</code></pre>
</figure><h2 id="step-3-resize-the-virtual-hard-disk" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 1rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
Step 3: Resize the Virtual Hard disk.</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
In order to resize a disk we need to execute <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">vboxmanage</code> with the <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">modifymedium</code>option. In previous versions of VirtualBox the option was either <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">modifyhd</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">modifyvdi</code>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
<code class="highlighter-rouge" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #bf616a; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 13.6px; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">vboxmanage modifymedium disk NAMEOFDISK.EXT --resize SIZEINMB</code></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
In my case I executed the following:</div>
<figure class="highlight" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;"><pre style="background-color: #f9f9f9; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.4; padding: 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash" style="background-color: transparent; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, "Courier New", monospace; padding: 0px;">vboxmanage modifymedium disk Win2012R2.vdi <span class="nt" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2f6f9f;">--resize</span> 81920
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%</code></pre>
</figure><h2 id="step-4-boot-and-resize-the-disk-in-your-guest-os" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #313131; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 1rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;">
Step 4: Boot and Resize the Disk in your Guest OS</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
If all has gone well, the final step is to boot into your guest OS and resize your drive partitions.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #515151; font-family: "PT Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem;">
The steps for which are heavily dependent on your Guest OS and can be readily found on the internet.</div>
</div>

Resize a VirtualBox Guest Hard disk in Windows

VirtualBox has a nasty little habit of suggesting small virtual Hard disk sizes when creating Guest Virtual Machin...

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